Not all rusting of nails has to do with weather conditions. Improperly treated wood has been known to retain water in some instances or to absorb water from the environment. For this reason, galvanized nails should be used even in relatively dry climates.
Galvanization is an electrochemical process named after the Italian scientist Luigi Galvani. The process is nicknamed hot dipping because the nails are literally dipped into an electrically conductive solution with zinc. The zinc forms a thin layer of protection against rust, while maintaining the strength and economical practicality of the steel core.
Rusting and corrosion is caused by oxidation. The physical barrier created between the core of the nail and the outside environment is what is referred to by chemists as a sacrificial anode. Since zinc is more reactive than iron, it oxidizes more easily, luring the oxygen away from the steel and rusting first. The thicker the physical barrier, the better the protection, making hot dipped nails more durable than regular, non-galvanized nails. Understandably, these nails are typically more expensive than their ordinary counterparts.
What most people don''t know about hot dipped nails is that they also have more staying power than traditional nails. This is because the coarse zinc forms an abrasive surface on the smooth steel surface of the nail.
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